CD3D

CD4 is a single chain transmembraneous glycoprotein (59 kDa) which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD4 is present on a subset of T lymphocytes ("helper/inducer" T cells) and is also expressed at a lower level on monocytes, tissue macrophages and granulocytes. The antigen is involved in binding to MHC class II molecules. The intracellular domain of the antigen is associated with p56lck protein tyrosine kinase. T cell activation through the antigen receptor (TCR) involves the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 subunits: CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon and CD3 zeta. These CD3 subunits are structurally related members of the immunoglobulins super family encoded by closely linked genes on human chromosome 11. The CD3 components have long cytoplasmic tails that associate with cytoplasmic signal transduction molecules. This association is mediated at least in part by a double tyrosine based motif present in a single copy in the CD3 subunits. CD3 may play a role in TCR induced growth arrest, cell survival and proliferation. The CD3 antigen is present on 68-82% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, 65-85% of thymocytes and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. It is never expressed on B or NK cells. Decreased percentages of T lymphocytes may be observed in some autoimmune diseases.

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