Introduction
An Overview of Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)
In 2001, two independent research groups, Borowski et al. and Bunzow et al., firstly discovered trace amine related receptor 1 (TAAR1), which is a trace amine related receptor (TAAR) protein encoded by the TAAR1 gene of humans beings. The structure of TAAR1 is similar to the A-type rhodopsin GPCR subfamily, which has seven transmembrane domains with short N and C terminal extensions. TAAR1 is an intracellular amine-activated Gs-coupled and Gq-coupled G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). TAAR1 is expressed mainly in the intracellular environment of the presynaptic plasma membrane of several peripheral organs and cells, astrocytes, and monoamine neurons in the central nervous system. TAAR1 plays an important role in regulating the neurotransmission of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, TAAR1 affects the immune system and neuroimmune system function. TAAR1 has a high affinity for amphetamine, methamphetamine, dopamine and trace amines, mediating some of its cellular effects in monoamine neurons in the CNS.
In 2001, two independent research groups, Borowski et al. and Bunzow et al., firstly discovered trace amine related receptor 1 (TAAR1), which is a trace amine related receptor (TAAR) protein encoded by the TAAR1 gene of humans beings. The structure of TAAR1 is similar to the A-type rhodopsin GPCR subfamily, which has seven transmembrane domains with short N and C terminal extensions. TAAR1 is an intracellular amine-activated Gs-coupled and Gq-coupled G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). TAAR1 is expressed mainly in the intracellular environment of the presynaptic plasma membrane of several peripheral organs and cells, astrocytes, and monoamine neurons in the central nervous system. TAAR1 plays an important role in regulating the neurotransmission of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, TAAR1 affects the immune system and neuroimmune system function. TAAR1 has a high affinity for amphetamine, methamphetamine, dopamine and trace amines, mediating some of its cellular effects in monoamine neurons in the CNS.
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