MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a class of serine/threonine protein kinases widely present in eukaryotic cells. MAPK signaling pathway is one of the important signaling systems in cells and plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, transformation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. In recent years, it has been found that there are four main pathways in the MAPK family: extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK1/2); c-Jun N-terminal kinase (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK); P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK5. The ERK1/2, JNK, P38, and ERK5 pathways mediate different biological effects. At the same time, there is a wide interaction between these pathways, which can play a synergistic or mutually inhibiting role. Among them, ERK is the earliest discovered MAPK member, which is most widely studied and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. The ERK-associated intracellular signaling pathway is thought to be the classical MAPK pathway, an important part of a series of kinase enzymatic cascades that transduce extracellular stimuli from the cell membrane into the nucleus.

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